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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(2): 146-151, 15/06/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362220

ABSTRACT

Purpose Experimental models might help understand the pathophysiology of neurocysticercosis-associated hydrocephalus. The present study aimed to compare the extent of hydrocephalus and tissue damage in rats with subarachnoid inoculation of different concentrations of Taenia crassiceps cyst proteins. Methods Sixty young rats were divided into two groups: low- and high-concentration groups. The animals in the low concentration group received 0.02ml of 2.4mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins while those in the high concentration group received 0.02 ml of 11.6mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins. The animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months postinoculation to assess the ventricle volume. Morphological assessment was performed at the end of the observation period. Results Repeated measures of ventricle volumes at 1, 3, and 6 months showed progressive enlargement of the ventricles. At 1 and 3 months, we observed no differences in ventricle volumes between the 2 groups. However, at 6 months, the ventricles were larger in the high concentration group (median » 3.86mm3, range: 2.37­12.68) compared with the low concentration group (median » 2.00mm3, range: 0.37­11.57), p » 0.003. The morphological assessment revealed a few inflammatory features in both groups. However, the density of oligodendrocytes and neurons within the periventricular region was lower in the high concentration group (5.18 versus 9.72 for oligodendrocytes and 15.69 versus 21.00 for neurons; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion Our results suggest that, in rats, a higher concentration of T. crassiceps cyst proteins in the subarachnoid space could induce ventricle enlargement and reduce the number of neurons within the periventricular area.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Neurocysticercosis/pathology , Hydrocephalus/parasitology , Antigens, Helminth , Subarachnoid Space/physiopathology , Taenia , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections , Host-Parasite Interactions , Hydrocephalus/physiopathology
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(supl.2): 8-14, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602637

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75 percent and overall mortality was 38.4 percent. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1- sem hidrocefalia, 2- quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3- oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo- cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75 por cento e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4 por cento. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Corpus Callosum/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Hydrocephalus/physiopathology , Kaolin , Aluminum Silicates , Cerebral Ventricles/pathology , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Hydrocephalus/chemically induced , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Myelin Sheath/physiology , Organ Size , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
3.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 475-477, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-114976

ABSTRACT

A patient received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for a scheduled total knee arthroplasty. After an injection of spinal anesthetic and ephedrine due to a decrease in blood pressure, the patient developed a severe headache. The patient did not respond to verbal command at the completion of the operation. A brain CT scan revealed massive subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhages, and a CT angiogram showed a ruptured aneurysm. Severe headaches should not be overlooked in an uncontrolled hypertensive patient during spinal anesthesia because it may imply an intracranial and intraventricular hemorrhage due to the rupture of a hidden aneurysm.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Aneurysm, Ruptured/chemically induced , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Intracranial Hemorrhages/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology
4.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 26(1): 12-13, Jan.-Mar. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644113

ABSTRACT

The objective of this investigation was to carry out a literature review on the choroid plexus cysts and theirimportance in fetal prognosis with search on PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and MEDLINE databases usingkeywords in English without time restrictions. Choroid plexus cysts, which are also termed intraventricularneuroepithelial cysts, choroid epithelial cysts or ependimary cysts, are structures localized within the interiorof the lateral ventricles, comprising secretory epithelium, the principal function of which is the production ofcerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasound images of the choroid plexuses within the lateral ventricles consist of hyperechogenicstructures at the level of the body, trigon and inferior horn of the ventricles. Between the 16th andthe 20th week of gestation, cystic structures in the interior of the ventricular plexuses may be observed at arate of 0.3-1.0% in an ultrasound examination of the fetal head, as is shown. Most choroid plexus cysts regressspontaneously without after effects, although there is a possible association with chromosomal abnormalities,notably trisomy 18 (Edwards’ syndrome) and less frequently cited, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The presenceof this kind of cyst is considered to be a lesser marker for them, except when combined with other morefrequently used and accepted ecographic markers, such as nuchal translucency, intracardiac echogenic focusand others. Its isolated presence as the sole characteristic of this aneuploidy is rare. The majority of choroidcysts are transitory and of little clinical significance, and may be identified through a computerized tomographyexamination. As such, the existence of isolated choroid cysts does not indicate the confirmation of chromosomalaneuploidies so much as an alarm that should trigger an investigation in greater depth in search ofother more important markers, emphasizing the importance of pre-natal monitoring.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Choroid Plexus , Cysts , Fetus/anatomy & histology , Choroid Plexus/anatomy & histology , Choroid Plexus , Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Databases, Bibliographic , Prognosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
5.
JPMA-Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2005; 55 (8): 315-317
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-72719

ABSTRACT

Primary intraventricular haemorrhage [PIVH] is a rare clinical entity. We sought to evaluate risk factors, clinical and radiological features, and outcome of patients with PIVH. Cases of PIVH were identified from cohort of patients with non traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage [ICH] by reviewing the radiological data. Their charts were reviewed and demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory data was recorded and analyzed. Chi square and t test were used to determine predictors of poor outcome. Fifteen of 677 [2%] patients with ICH had PIVH. Nine [60%] were men. Median age was 56 years. Predisposing factors included hypertension in twelve [80%], coagulopathy in five [33%] and vascular malformations in two [13%] patients. Eleven [73%] patients developed hydrocephalus. Two patients died. Univariate analysis identified diabetes mellitus, blood in all ventricles and coagulopathy as predictors of death during initial hospital stay and hydrocephalus as predictor of poor outcome [death and disability combined] [p<0.05]. Hypertension is most common associated risk factor for primary intraventricular haemorrhage followed by coagulopathy. Hydrocephalus is a common complication, associated with poor outcome. Diabetes mellitus, coagulopathy and panventricular blood predict early mortality


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications , Diabetes Complications , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Cerebral Ventriculography , Hypertension/complications , Hydrocephalus/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 53(2): 123-8, mar.-abr. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266579

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la probable existencia de una correlación positiva entre la severidad de los síntomas de la esquizofrenia mediante la escala de síntomas positivos y negativos para la esquizofrenia SPNE y las alteraciones anatómicas encontradas en tomografía computada (TAC) de pacientes esquizofrénicos medidas a través del índice ventrículo cerebral (IVC). A treinta pacientes (n= 30) de la Asociación Mexicana de amigos de pacientes Esquizofrénicos (AMEPE) diagnosticados de acuerdo con los criterios del DSM-IV+ e ICD-10++, se les aplicó la prueba en tres evaluaciones mensuales, se le practicó una TAC de craneo, se calculó el IVC en dos cortes tomográficos por caso; siendo correlacionados con el promedio de las tres evaluaciones de los puntajes totales de SPNE de cada paciente. Se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman encontrándose una ligera asociación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables con una P < 0.05. Estos resultados fueron comparados con un grupo control de treinta pacientes no esquizofrénicos en quienes no existió correlación estadísticamente significativa


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Schizophrenia , Dilatation, Pathologic , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Signs and Symptoms , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/classification , Case-Control Studies
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(4): 815-20, dez. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-161592

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho retrata o caso de uma paciente que entrou em coma por infarto extenso do hemisfério cerebral direito e desenvolveu sinais clínicos característicos do estágio diencefálico da herniaçao transtentorial central. A TC, todavia, nao evidenciou os efeitos classicamente descritos de compressao ou distorçao da transiçao mesodiencefálica, mas duas imagens hipodensas, de idades diferentes, alojadas, respectivamente, nos territórios superficial e profundo das artérias cerebral média e anterior e no lobo frontal direito. Concordando com a piora clínica ao longo dos seis dias que antecederam a morte, a última TC revelou as imagens esperadas de deslocamentos do encéfalo. O caso se assemelha a outros da literatura, em testemunho de que os sinais clínicos de efeitos de massa no interior do crânio podem ser reproduzidos por comprometimento funcional agudo mono-hemisférico na ausência de deslocamentos físicos da massa encefálica. O papel desempenhado por distorçoes encefálicas na gênese e no prognóstico de curto-prazo do coma permanece em aberto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cerebral Infarction/complications , Coma/etiology , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Acute Disease , Aged, 80 and over , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Coma/diagnosis , Coma/physiopathology , Neurologic Examination , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
8.
J. bras. neurocir ; 5(1): 27-9, jan.-abr. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-163309

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam dois casos de hidrocefalia pós-traumatismo crânio-encefálico ocorridos em pacientes pediátricos, um deles com manifestaçao clínica precoce, e outro tardia. A hidrocefalia pós-TCE é manifestaçao rara do trauma cerebral e seu diagnóstico tomográfico deve ser diferenciado da hidrocefalia ex-vácuo pós-TCE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Brain Injuries/complications , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Brain Injuries , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
9.
In. Machado, Luis dos Ramos; Nóbrega, José Paulo Smith; Livramento, José Antonio; Spina França Netto, Antonio. Neuroinfecçäo 94. Säo Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo. Clínica Neurológica, 1994. p.147-150.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-154973
10.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 31(3): 299-304, jul.-sept. 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-131616

ABSTRACT

El monitoreo de presión intracraneal es una técnica cada vez más usada en los servicios de reanimación. Se discuten las bases fisiológicas del régimen de presión intracraneal y se analizan los distintos métodos usados, especialmente los nuevos sistemas de fibra óptica, disponibles desde algunos meses, en el Instituto de Neurocirugía


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Cardiac Catheterization , Intracranial Pressure/physiology , Neurosurgery , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Encephalocele/physiopathology , Optical Fibers/methods , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Ventriculostomy
11.
An. neuropediatr. latinoam ; 3(2/3): 37-40, mar. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-235021

ABSTRACT

El Sindrome de Ventrículos en Hendidura (SVS) constituye una entidad clínico-tomográfica, descrita hace relativamente poco tiempo, y para la cual no hay acuerdo en su patogenia, fisiopatología y tratamiento. Los autores describen cinco casos diagnosticados y tratados. En todos ellos se pudo evidenciar una disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículo peritoneal (DVP) causada por obstrucción o desconección del mismo. Desde un punto de vista práctico, se sugiere que, frente al diagnóstico de SVS se agoten los medios tendientes a demostrar una disfunción mecánica antes de plantear otras posibilidades patogénicas u opciones terapéuticas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology
12.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 5(9): 47-9, 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-125378

ABSTRACT

El neumoencéfalo implica una comunicación entre la cavidad intracraneana y el exterior. Es por esto que la etiología más frecuente son los traumatismos craneanos. La presencia de un neumoencéfalo en un paciente con una válvula ventrículo peritoneal es sorprendente y a primera vista inexplicable. De las múltiples complicaciones descritas con las derivaciones ventrículo-peritoneales, ésta ha sido comunicada en la literatura sólo en 9 casos. Se describe un paciente con acueductoestenosis y válvula ventrículo peritoneal que presentó un neumoencéfalo. Se comenta la patogenia y el tratamiento más adecuado de acuerdo a la revisión de la literatura


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Cerebral Aqueduct/physiopathology , Pneumocephalus/etiology , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology
13.
An. neuropediatr. latinoam ; 2(1): 7-12, ago. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-235026

ABSTRACT

Se presentan 17 niños portadores de ventriculitis, en su mayoría menores de 2 años. Representan el 25 por ciento de una población de 69 niños con hidrocefalia derivada que ingresaron al Instituto de Neurología durante 3 años. Nueve hidrocefalias eran de causa malformativa, 6 secundarias a hemorragia intraventricular de diverso grado, una de causa tumoral y otra posterior a una meningitis. El tiempo que medió entre la derivación ventrículo-peritoneal y la ventriculitis fue en la mayoría de los casos (88 por ciento) menor de 30 días. Se analiza el uso de antibióticos endovenosos profilácticos; la incidencia del Estafilococo blanco en la etiología de las infecciones así como su patogenia. Se discuten diversas modalidades de tratamiento. Ocho de 17 niños se trataron con sistema de derivación colocado. La exteriorización del extremo peritoneal (promedio 17 días), seguida de una nueva derivación externa se realizó en 8 niños. En ellos se administró gentamicina intraventricular. Seis casos desarrollaron resistencia a la droga debiendo realizarse Polimixina B. Todos los niños se trataron con antibióticos endovenosos. Veintinueve por ciento fallecieron durante la ventriculitis, 41 por ciento tienen retraso psicomotor y 24 por ciento un desarrollo adecuado para la edad. El promedio de seguimiento fue de dos años


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Encephalitis/etiology , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Encephalitis/drug therapy , Hydrocephalus/therapy
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 4(2): 114-20, dic. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-153234

ABSTRACT

Entre 1982 y 1986 se evaluó la eficacia y tolerancia de Ceftriaxona (CFX) en 67 casos de infecciones sistémicas en niños; 49 meningitis, 10 ventriculitis y 8 septicemias neonatales, con dosis de 100 mg/kg/día cada 12 o 24 hrs. Se observó curación bacteriológica con erradicación precoz del agente causal en 62 pacientes (92,5 por ciento) con un 68,7 por ciento de curación clínica y 31,3 por ciento de mejoría. La terapia fracasó en 1 paciente con ventriculitis en que no se retiró la prótesis colonizada, en un recién nacido de pretérmino con septicemia y en 3 pacientes con meningitis: un caso de infección por S. pneumoniiae, una meningo-ventriculitis neonatal por enterobacter hafniae y una infección intrahospitalaria por K. pneumoniae multirresistente. La CIM 90 de CFX frente a H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus grupo B fue <0,04 ug/mlñ y los títulos inhibitorios de LCR en casos de meningitis fluctuaron entre 1/8 y 1/1024. Ceftriaxona demostró excelente eficacia clínica y bacteriológica con buena tolerancia y ventajas prácticas al administrarse 1 ó 2 veces al día


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapy , Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology
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